π
ππ»ΝπΌπ»πΌππ·ππ»ΜΝπ½π»πΌππ·1be true to oneselfπΌπ»πΌ-ππ»ΝπΌππ·For this term (often just two syllables), any conjugations need to be done after the first syllable. This is often because this term is composed of two words, though the original meanings of the two words may be unknown.
ππ»ΝπΌππ·ππ»ΜΝπΌππ·1speak the truthintransitive verbππ»ΜΝπ°πΌππ·I speak the truthππ»ΜΝππ°πΌππ·you speak the truth2tell the truthintransitive verbππ»ΜΝππ°πΌππ·?are you telling the truth?ππ»ΜΝπΌππ· π°πΌππ°Μhe/she is telling the truthππ»ΜΝπΌππ· π°πΌππ±he's telling the truth3be true totransitive verbππ»ΜΝπ°Νππ°πΌππ· ππ° ππ²ππ·Μ?will you be true to me?4trueadjectiveππ»ΜΝπΌππ· ππΜπ°Νππ°ΜπΏπ· ππ° ππ°Μππ·?will you be true with me?5truthnounππ»ΜΝπΌππ· πππ°ΜπΌπ°!tell the truth!ππ»ΜΝπΌππ· πππ»Μπ΄π°ΜπΌπ· ππ»ΝπΌππ·ΜI'm telling you the truth6golly! gosh! (female exclamation of surprise)interjππ»ΜΝπΌππ·Μ!golly!Quintero notes on page 251 of her Osage Dictionary (2009), "As an exclamation, ππ»ΝπΌππ· is not vulgar and is not a statement about truth or question about truth."For this term (often just two syllables), any conjugations need to be done after the first syllable. This is often because this term is composed of two words, though the original meanings of the two words may be unknown.
ππ»ππ»πΌπ°ππ»ππ»Μπ½π°1husband (my)ππ»-ππ»πΌπ°π»πΏπΝππ° π»ππ°ππ·π»ππ»πΌπ°ππ»ππ»πΌπ°
ππ»ππ»ππ»Μππ»π1jumpintransitive verb2jump in playtransitive verb3leaptransitive verb4alighttransitive verb5get off, alight from (e.g., a vehicle)transitive verb6dismounttransitive verb7dismount from (e.g., a horse)transitive verbππ»ππ»πππ»ππ»πππ»ππ»ππ»ππ·πππ»
ππ»ππ»ππ»ππ»Μππ»ππ»1fleaππ»ππ»This term uses reduplication which means part of the word (usually just one syllable) is repeated to express the idea of an action or idea occurring over and over. If the syllable being reduplicated ends in "e," it almost always changes to "a." For example, "-se" would become "-sasa" or "-sase."
ππ»ππΝπ·ππ»Νππ»ππΜΝπ·ππ»Ν1brother (younger, of a female) (my)Femaleππ»ππΝπ°ππ»Νππ»-*ππΝπ·ππ»Νπ»ππΝπ·ππ»Νππ»ππΝπ·ππ»Ν
ππ»ππΝπΌπ°ππ»ππΜΝπΌπ°1brother (younger, of a male) (my)Maleππ»-*ππΝπΌπ°π»ππΝπΌπ°ππ»ππΝπΌπ°Quintero (Osage Dictionary, page 250) notes that this term is "Also used by both men and women for a related or unrelated younger male."
ππ»ππ»πΌ'π·ππ»ππ»ΜπΌ'π·1brother-in-law (husband's brother, of a female) (my)2brother-in-law (sister's husband, of a female) (my)Femaleππ»-*ππ»πΌ'π·π»ππ»πΌ'π·ππ»ππ»πΌ'π·
ππ»ππ»πΌππ°Νππ»ππ»ΜπΌππ°Ν1sister-in-law (husband's sister, older or younger) (my)2sister-in-law (brother's wife) (my)3sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife) (my)4sister-in-law (my)Femaleππ»ππ»πΌππ°Νππ»-ππ»πΌππ°Νπ»ππ»πΌππ°Νππ»πΌππ°Νππ»ππ»πΌππ°Ν
ππ»ππΌπ»ππ°Νππ»ππΌπ»Μππ°Ν1I too2me too3I, for my part4I too, or for my partMaleππ»ππΌπ»ππ»ππΌπ»ππ°ππ»-ππΌπ»ππ°Νπ·ππΌπ»ππ°Νππ»ππΌπ»ππ°Νππ»ππ»ππ°Ν
ππ»ππ°ππ»Μππ°1my2mineπΜπΏπ°ΝπΌπ· ππ·Μ ππ»Μππ°this hat is mineππ»-*ππ°π°ΝπΌπππ°π»ππ°ππ»ππ°
ππ»ππ°ΝπΉπ°ππ»ππ°ΜΝπΉπ°1uncle (father's sister's husband) (my)2brother-in-law (wife's brother) (my)3brother-in-law (sister's husband, of a male) (my)ππ»-ππ°ΝπΉπ°π»ππ°ΝπΉπ°ππ»ππ°ΝπΉπ°Quintero notes in Osage Grammar (2004), page 481 that, "Osage kinship terms with first person possessor ('my') are used both vocatively - that is, in speaking to that relative - and referentially - that is, in speaking about one's relative to someone else."
ππ»ππ°ΝπΌπ·ππ»ππ°ΜΝπΌπ·1sister (older) (my)Quintero notes, on page 249 of her dictionary, that this term is "used when speaker is male or female."2sister (my)Quintero notes, on page 249 of her dictionary, that this term is "loosely used mutually among unrelated younger and older female speakers to show respect)."3wife (my)Quintero notes, on page 249 of her dictionary, that this sense is "used to refer to speaker's wife when they have no children and possibly to address her."ππ»-*ππ°ΝπΌπ·π»ππ°ΝπΌπ·ππ»ππ°ΝπΌπ·ππ»ππΝπ°ΝQuintero notes, "The 'older sister' terms designate the older of the sisters, not necessarily someone older than the person speaking. They are also used between two female friends without regard to relative age."
ππ»ππ·ππ»Νππ»ππ·Μππ»Ν1sister (younger) (my)ππ»ππ°π·ππ»Νππ»ππ±ππ»Νππ»-*ππ·ππ»Νπ»ππ·ππ»Νππ»ππ·ππ»ΝQuintero notes on page 484 of her Osage Grammar (2004) that, "The sister designated by a 'younger sister' term need not be younger than the speaker, just younger than another sister."
ππ»ππΝππ·ππ»ππΜΝππ·1son-in-law (daughter's husband) (my)ππ°πΉπ»ππΝππ»ππ»-*ππΝππ·π»ππΝππ·ππ»ππΝππ·
ππ»Νππ·πΌπ»ππ»Νππ·ΜπΌπ»π1uncle (mother's brother) (my)ππ»Νππ·πΌπ·ππ»Ν-*ππ·πΌπ»π»Νππ·πΌπ»ππ»Νππ·πΌπ»Quintero notes in Osage Grammar (2004), page 481 that, "Osage kinship terms with first person possessor ('my') are used both vocatively - that is, in speaking to that relative - and referentially - that is, in speaking about one's relative to someone else."
ππ»ππ»πΌπππ»ππ»ΜπΌππ1grandfather (my)2father-in-law (my)ππ»-ππ»πΌππ»ππ»πΌππ'π°πΌπ· ππ»ππ°ππ»ππ»πΌπQuintero notes in Osage Grammar (2004), page 481 that, "Osage kinship terms with first person possessor ('my') are used both vocatively - that is, in speaking to that relative - and referentially - that is, in speaking about one's relative to someone else."
ππ»ππ»πΌπ ππ»Νππ»ππ»ΜπΌπ ππ»ΜΝ1grandfather sunππ»ππ»πΌπππ»Νπ»πΌπ πΏπΝππ»ππ»πΌπ ππ·ππ·
ππ»ππ»πΌπ ππ·ππ·ππ»ππ»ΜπΌπ π
π·Μππ·1grandfather fireππ»ππ»πΌπππ·ππ·π»πΌπ πΏπΝππ»ππ»πΌπ ππ»Ν
ππ»ππ»ππ»ππ»ππ»Μππ»π1aunt (father's sister) (my)ππ»-*ππ»ππ»π»ππ»ππ»ππ»ππ»ππ»Quintero notes in Osage Grammar (2004), page 481 that, "Osage kinship terms with first person possessor ('my') are used both vocatively - that is, in speaking to that relative - and referentially - that is, in speaking about one's relative to someone else."
ππ»ππ»ππ»ππ»ππ»Μππ»1daughter-in-law (son's wife) (my)ππ»ππ»ππ»Νππ»-*ππ»ππ»π»ππ»ππ»ππ»Ν π°ππππ·ππ»ππ»ππ»
ππ»ππ»πππ°ΝπΌπ·ππ»ππ»πΜππ°ΝπΌπ·1niece (brother's daughter, of a female) (my)Femaleππ»ππππ°ΝπΌπ·ππ»-*ππ»πππ°ΝπΌπ·π»ππ»πππ°ΝπΌπ·ππ»ππ»πππ°ΝπΌπ·
ππ»ππ»ππ°ππ»Μππ»ππ°1Wichita (tribe or tribal member)π°ππ°ππ°π²ππ°πππΉπ°ππ»ΝπΏπ·ππ·πΌπ°ππ·πΉπ»Νππ°πΉπππ°ΝπΌπ°πΌπ°ππππ°πΌπ°Νππ·ππππΌππΌπ·ππ° πππΌπ°ππ°ππ°ππΝππ°ππ»Νππ°ππ»ππ°πΉπ°ππ°ππππ·ππΝπΌπ°ππ°πΌπ» πΉπππ°πΌπ»ππ°ππ°πΌπ»ππ»Νππ°π°πΌπ·ππ°πΉπ°Νππ°πΏπ°πΌπ»ππ°ππ°ππ»ππ°ππ°ππ»Νππ»πΌπ°ππ·ππ»ππππ°πΉπππ°πΉπ°ππ°ππ° ππ»πΌπ°ππ°πππΉπΏπ°ππ°ππ°ππ»ππ°ππ°ππ·ππ°πππΏπ°
ππ»ππ»Νππππ»ππ»ΜΝππ1brother (older, of a female) (my)Femaleππ»-*ππ»Νπππ»ππ»Νππππ»ππ»Νππ
ππ»ππ»ππππ»ππ»Μππ1cousin (father's sister's daughter) (my)Quintero notes on page 248 of her Osage Dictionary (2009) that "wihciΕΎo as 'cousin, my paternal aunt's daughter' is said by some to be used only by a female speaker."
Remember that "cousin" is an English concept, but this term was defined this way since it fills, in part, but not precisely, the English idea of "cousin," since in English, one's father's sister's daughter is one's cousin.2niece (sister's daughter, of a male) (my)Quintero notes that this term is "used only when speaker is male."ππ»ππ»πππ·ππ»-*ππ»πππ»ππ»ππππ»ππ»ππQuintero notes in Osage Grammar (2004), page 481 that, "Osage kinship terms with first person possessor ('my') are used both vocatively - that is, in speaking to that relative - and referentially - that is, in speaking about one's relative to someone else."
Remember that "cousin" is an English concept, but this term was defined this way since it fills, in part, but not precisely, the English idea of "cousin," since in English, one's father's sister's daughter is one's cousin.2niece (sister's daughter, of a male) (my)Quintero notes that this term is "used only when speaker is male."ππ»ππ»πππ·ππ»-*ππ»πππ»ππ»ππππ»ππ»ππQuintero notes in Osage Grammar (2004), page 481 that, "Osage kinship terms with first person possessor ('my') are used both vocatively - that is, in speaking to that relative - and referentially - that is, in speaking about one's relative to someone else."
ππ»ππππΌπ°ππ»ππΜππΌπ°1nephew (wife's brother's son) (my)2nephew (sister's son, of a male) (my)3nephew (brother's son, of a female) (my)4cousin (father's sister's son) (my)Remember that "cousin" is an English concept, but this term was defined this way since it fills, in part, but not precisely, the English idea of "cousin," since in English, one's father's sister's son is one's cousin.5grandchild (my)Quintero notes (Osage Dictionary, page 248) that, "Historically, 'grandchild' is an unexpected gloss (perhaps used used only by extension to one's grandniece or grandnephew: i.e., one's sibling's grandchild?)."ππ»-*ππππΌπ°π»ππππΌπ°ππ»ππππΌπ°
ππ»πππππ°ππ»ππΜπππ°π1grandchild (my)ππ»ππΜπππ°, ππ·ΜπΌπ° πΌπgrandchild, come over hereππ»-πππππ°π»πππππ°ππ»πππππ°ππ»π΅ππππ°
ππ»πππππ° π°πΌπ»πΉπ°ππ»πππππ° π°Μπ½π»πΉπ°1great-grandchild(ren) (my)ππ»πππππ°π°πΌπ»πΉπ°π»πππππ° π°πΌπ»πΉπ°This entry is composed of more than one word. Any conjugations need to be done on the FIRST word.
ππ»Νππ·ππ»ΜΝππ·Μ1that unique thingnoun2that single item or eventnoun3this particular wayadverb4soley or uniquely soadverb
*ππ»Νππ·ππ»ΜΝππ·1turn2spin3whirl4around (as in drive around, turn around, etc.)*π»Νππ·This term is a bound root which means that while this root has an idea attached to it, it cannot be used alone. It must have something else attached to it, often an instrumental prefix.
ππ»Νπππ»ππ»ΜΝπππ»π1oneπΉπΜΝππ° ππ»ΜΝπππ» ππ°ΜΝππΌπ» ππ»Μπ½π°ππ» π°ππ»Μ π½πΜΝπ΄π°I want to live one day at a time2a3anππ»Νπππ·ππ»Νπππ»ππ»Ν
ππ»ππ»ΝπΌπ·ππ»ππ»ΜΝπΌπ·π1son (my)2Sonny (as a nickname, used by either male or female speakers for a son or a friend)3nephew (brother's son, of a male or female) (my)4nephew (sister's son, of a female) (my)ππ»-*ππ»ΝπΌπ·π»ππ»ΝπΌπ·ππ»ππ»ΝπΌπ·Quintero notes on page 250 of her Osage Dictionary (2009) that, "Historically, it appears that when this word was used vocatively, its accent would shift to the first and third syllables (ππ»ππ»ΝπΌπ·)."
ππ»ππ»ΝπΌπ· π»πΉπΝππ»ππ»ΜΝπΌπ· π»ΜπΉπΜΝ1wife (my)my son's motherππ»ππ»ΝπΌπ·π»πΉπΝπ»πΏπΝππ° π»πΉπΝππ»ππΝπΌπ· π»πΉπΝQuintero notes on page 250 of her Osage Dictionary (2009) that this term is "used to speak about or to one's wife if the first child is a boy."
ππ»ππ»ΝπΌπ· π»ππ°ππ·ππ»ππ»ΜΝπΌπ· π»ππ°Μππ·1husband (my)my son's fatherππ»ππ»ΝπΌπ·π»ππ°ππ·π»πΏπΝππ° π»ππ°ππ·Quintero notes on page 250 of her Osage Dictionary (2009) that this term is "used to speak about or address one's husband if the first child is a boy."
ππ»ππ»ππ°Νππ»ππ»Μππ°Ν1I too, or for my partFemaleππ»ππ»ππ°Νππ»ππΌπ»ππ°Ν
ππ»ππ»Νππ·ππ»ππ»ΜΝππ·1brother (older, of a male) (my)Maleππ»ππ»Νππ»ππ»Νπ·ππ»-*ππ»Νππ·π»ππ»Νππ·ππ»ππ»Νππ·
ππ»ππΝπ°Νππ»ππΜΝπ°Ν1sister (older, of a female) (my)Femaleππ»ππΝπ°ππ»-*ππΝπ°Νπ»ππΝπ°Νππ»ππΝπ°Νππ»ππ°ΝπΌπ·
ππ»ππΝπΌπ·ππ»ππΜΝπΌπ·π1daughter (my)2niece (brother's daughter, of a male) (my)3niece (sister's daughter, of a female) (my)ππ»-*ππΝπΌπ·π»ππΝπΌπ·ππ»ππΝπΌπ·
ππ»ππΝπΌπ· π»πΉπΝππ»ππΜΝπΌπ· π»ΜπΉπΜΝ1wife (my)my daughter's motherππ»ππΝπΌπ·π»πΉπΝπ»πΏπΝππ° π»πΉπΝππ»ππ»ΝπΌπ· π»πΉπΝQuintero notes on page 250 of her Osage Dictionary (2009) that "when the oldest child of the husband and wife is a girl, this is what a man calls his wife."
π
ππ°πΌπ°ππ°ΜπΌπ°1rough2prickly3rough, as the tongue4forked or pronged, as antlers5branching out, as the separate claws on a foot6bristling7rough in appearance
ππ°ππ°ππ°Μππ°1ruffled2ruffly3having leaves or leaflike layersππ°Νππ°Ν
ππ·ππ·Μ1roar2roar, as running water3patterππ»ππ ππ·Μ ππ°ΜπΏπ»Νthe rain patters very much4patter, as rain
ππ·πΌπ°ππ·ΜπΌπ°1dead, as vegetation2dead (from drying up; e.g., a vegetable)3dried4dry