π
π'π°πΌπ·π'π°ΜπΌπ·1father-in-law (of a male) (my)2his wife's father3an aged man4to be an aged man5old man6to be an old manπ'π°πΌπ· ππ»ππ°π'π°πΌπ· ππ»ππ°ππ»πΌπThis term is both a kinship term (father-in-law) and an adjective (to be an old man). This means it can be conjugated two ways. If it is conjugated with the stand alone possessive pronouns such as ππ»ππ° (my) or ππ»ππ° (your), then the idea is the kinship term of father-in-law. For example, π'π°πΌπ· ππ»ππ° (my father-in-law). However, if it is conjugated as an adjective, then the idea is "to be an old man." For example, π°Νπ'π°πΌπ· (I'm an old man), ππ»π'π°πΌπ· (you're an old man), etc.Quintero notes in Osage Grammar (2004), page 481 that, "Osage kinship terms with first person possessor ('my') are used both vocatively - that is, in speaking to that relative - and referentially - that is, in speaking about one's relative to someone else."
π'π°πΌπ· πΉπ»π'π°ΜπΌπ· πΉπ»1arrive at old ageπ'π°πΌπ·π°πΉπ»Dorsey notes that this term is "said by or of a man."This entry is composed of more than one word. Any conjugations need to be done on the LAST word.
π'π°πΌπ· π»ππ°π'π°ΜπΌπ· π»Μππ°1father-in-law (of a male) (his)π'π°πΌπ·π»ππ°π»ππ»πΌππ'π°πΌπ· ππ»ππ°π'π°πΌπ· ππ»ππ°
π'π°πΌπ· ππ»ππ°π'π°ΜπΌπ· ππ»Μππ°1father-in-law (of a male) (your)π'π°πΌπ·ππ»ππ°π'π°πΌπ·π'π°πΌπ· π»ππ°ππ»ππ»πΌπ
π'π°πΌπ· ππ»ππ°π'π°ΜπΌπ· ππ»Μππ°1father-in-law (of a male) (my)2my wife's fatherπ'π°πΌπ·ππ»ππ°π'π°πΌπ·π'π°πΌπ· π»ππ°ππ»πΌπππ»ππ»πΌπ
π'π°πΌπ· ππ»ΝπΌπ°π'π°πΌπ·Μ ππ»ΜΝπΌπ°1old man2venerable old man3ancestor4one of the ancients, supernatural beings, or deitiesπ'π°πΌπ·ππ»ΝπΌπ°
π'π°ππ»π'π°Μππ»1cross2crucifix3clubs (suit in a deck of cards)dies notπ'π·π°ππ»πΉπ°ππ°Νππ»ππ°ΝπΉπ»Νπππ·ππ°πΉπ»ππ· ππ°πΉπ°ππ°Νππ·
π'π±ππ»Νπ'π±Μππ»Ν1husband2husband (my)3elderly manQuintero notes (Osage Dictionary, page 27) that this term is "used by anyone referring to an elderly man."π'π±ππ»Ν ππ»ππ°Quintero notes (Osage Dictionary, page 27) that this term is "typically used by an older woman speaking to or referring to her elderly husband."
π'π±ππ»Ν π»ππ°π'π±Μππ»Ν π»Μππ°1husband (his/her)π'π±ππ»Νπ»ππ°π»ππ»πΌπ°ππ»πΌπ° π»ππ°
π'π±ππ»Ν ππ»ππ°π'π±Μππ»Ν ππ»Μππ°1husband (your)π'π±ππ»Νππ»ππ°π»πΏπΝππ° π»ππ°ππ·ππ»πΌπ° ππ»ππ°ππ»ππ»πΌπ°
π'π±ππ»Ν ππ»ππ°π'π±Μππ»Ν ππ»Μππ°1husband (my)π'π±ππ»Νππ»ππ°π»πΏπΝππ° π»ππ°ππ·ππ»πΌπ° ππ»ππ°π'π±ππ»Ν
ππ·ππ·1the (standing inanimate or animate object)2the (abstract object)3positional article for standing inanimate singular nonsubject (also used for intangible entities: e.g., heart attack, song, pain)ππ»Μπ· ππ· πΉπΜπΌπ°Μππ°pass the waterππ°Νπ½π°Μππ± ππ·Μthis coffee sitting [standing] hereππ·ΜπΌπ° ππ»ππ»Μπ· ππ· π°ΜπΌπΝππ· ππ° π°πΌππ° ππΌπ°I guess he will examine you nowππΜΝππΝ ππ· πΌπ°Μππ°let the feather touch itππ°ππΜπ· ππ· π»Μππ°ππ²turn that bread overπΜπΉπΝ ππ· π°ΜππΝππ°look after the cookingππ»ΜΝπ»πΉπππ· ππ·?is the sun coming up?πΌπ°Μππ· ππ°Μππ°Ν ππ°ΜππΜΝ?what kind of song is that?4positional article for plural sitting nonsubjects (those that would take ππ»ΝπΌππ· when singular)πΉπΝπ΄π»ΜΝπΌπ· ππ· π
π°πΉπ»ΜπΌπ·I sorted the beansπΜππ· ππ· ππ»Μππ° π°Μππ»ΝπΌπbring those groceries sitting there insideπΌπ°ππ·Μππ·there's something sitting there; there it [pile or stack of sitting/round items] sitsπΉπ°ππ»ΜΝ ππ·ΜπΌπ° ππ· πΉπ°ΜππΌπ°Μ ππ°ππΜπΉπ πππ·ΜππΌππ°Νwrap up those new blankets in a clean clothππΜππΌπ°Μ ππ· π½πΜΝπ΄π°I want the potatoesπΉπ°ππ»ΜΝ ππ· ππ°Μπππ·Μtie those blankets upπΉπ°ππ»ΜΝ πΌπΜππ· πππ·ΜππΌππ°Νtie those old blankets upππ·ΜπΉπ·ππ»Ν πΉπΜππ²πΌπ» ππ·?where are the dishes [sitting]?5the standing inanimate object6the collection of inanimate objectsππ°πΏπ·ππ· ππ·the pile of books7used as a sign of completed action in past timeπ°ππ°ππ· ππ» π°πHe or they went, departed8used adverbially: whenπΌπ°ππ»Ν πΌπππ°πΉπ° ππ·on the day after tomorrowThis term does not literally mean "when" (as in "When are you going to town?"), but rather, as the example sentence states, "on the day after tomorrow."π΅π·πΌπ·πΌππ·ππ°ππ·πππ°Νππ°Νππ·ππ»ΝπΌππ·Dorsey notes that for this term, (ππ» before π°).
ππ·ππ·Μπ1buffalo2female buffaloππππ·This is the generic term for a buffalo (male or female), but in one respect, it can also refer to a female buffalo. In some ways, this term is used in construction as a generic term for animal.
ππ·ππ·1that, whatever, until (links a preceding subordinate clause to the following main clause)ππ°Μππ°Ν ππ°Μππ» ππΌπ°Μππ· ππ· ππ°Μππ»Ν?do you think you can do all of it?ππ°ΜπΏπ»Ν ππ°ΜΝπΉπ· ππ»ΜπΌππ·Μ ππ·, ππ°ΜΝπΉπ· ππ»ΜπΌππ·Μ ππ· ππ°ΜπΏπ»Νit's good [that] you are keeping wellππ·ππΌππ°ΜΝπΉπ° πΉπ°ΜπΌπΜΝ π·Μπππ· ππ· π·ΜπΌπΝ π½πΜΝπ΄π°from now on, I want it to be like [that which] I've saidππ»ππ»ΜΝπΌπ· πΉπ°ΜΝππ°ππΌπ° πΉπ»Μ ππ·? πΌπ°Μππ°Ν π°πΉπ»Μ π°πΌππ°Sonny, has daylight come? just a little bitππ°ΜπΏπ»Ν ππ°ππ»Μ ππ·it is good that you [sg.] cameππ·Μ πΏπ»Μππ» ππ· ππΌπ» ππ·Μππ»ππ±I'm thankful, too, for these who have come hereπΏπ°ΜΝ π°ππ·Μ ππ· π»Μππ°Μπ
π· ππ° ππ»ΝπΌππ·ΜI will wait until he goes away madππ°ΜπΌπ·Μ πΜπΉπ·ππ°ππ» πΉπ» ππ»Μ π°Μππ·Μthe war is getting worse
ππ·ππ·1evidential marker indicating that speaker or addressee has circumstantial or sensory evidence (rather than witnessing) that the situation reported in the sentence occurred (can often be approximately translated as 'have/has/had already')π°ΜπΏπ·Μ ππ· πΉπ»Μπ· ππ°ΜπΉπ°I had already left by the time he got thereππ°πΌ'πΜ π°πΌππ° ππ°ΜπΌπ°ππ» ππ·that woman has fought; that woman did fightπΌπ°Μππ°ππ» ππ· π΄π°Μππ· ππ»ΝπΌππ·Μthey had prepared it, and I'm eating itπ°πΏπ·Μ ππ· πΉπ»Μπ· ππ°ΜπΉπ°I had left when he got thereπππ»Μππ°Ν ππΌπ°ΜΝ ππ·Μ?is the car started?ππΌπ°ΜπΉπ°Νππ° πΌπ°ΜπΏπ·ΜπΌπ· ππ·Μsomeone broke a window, that's the way it isπΜππ°ΜπΉπ°Ν ππ· π΄π°Μππ· ππ»ΝπΌππ·Μyou had cooked it and I'm eating itπππ°Μπ½π°Ν π΄π»Μπππ°Ν ππ· π°ππ»Μππ·I had already finished helping her when they got thereπ°ππ·Μ ππ· πΉπ»Μπ· ππ°ΜπΉπ°you [sg.] had already left when he got thereππ°Μππ°Ν ππ°Μππ» π·ππ»Μ ππ·?is everything there?πΜπ½π°Ν π·ππ»Μ ππ·?is there room over there?ππ»ππ»ΜΝπΌπ· πΉπ°ΜΝππ°ππΌπ° πΉπ»Μ ππ·?Sonny, has daylight come?ππ°Μππ°Ν ππ°Μππ» π·Μ π·ππ»Μ ππ·?is everything there [ready]?Jacka πΉπ°ΜπΌπΝ π·ΜπΌπ»Μπ· ππ· π»Μππ°Μπππ°ΝI agree with what Jack saidπ»Μππ°Μππ» ππ·Μthey have seen itπΉπ°ΜπΌπΝππ» ππ·Μ?how did they do?; what happened to them?πΉπ°ππ»Μππ° π°ππ° π·ΜπΌπ»π°ππ» ππ·Μthe ones before me said thatπ½π°Μππ° π°πΏπ»ΜΝ π°ππ°Μππ» ππ·they went horseback ridingππ»ΝπΌπ°Μππ»Ν π°ππ° πππ»Μππ· ππ°ππΜπΉπππ» πΌπ°Μππ°ππ» ππ·Μthe children have dirtied the rugππ»ΝπΌπ°Μππ»Ν π°ππ° ππ·ΜπΉπ·ππ»Ν ππΜπΏπ·ΜπΌπ·ππ» ππ·the children broke a dish, they've done it, and they've left it, and it's thereππ°Νππ»πΜππ°ππ» πΌπΜΝππ°ππ» ππ·she found out that he had wanted a cigaretteππΜπ½π° ππ°ΜΝ πΜπΉπΜΝ ππ°ΜπΏπ»Ν πΌπ°Μππ°ππ» ππ·Μthe turkey was well preparedπΌπ°Μππ°ππ» ππ· π΄π°Μππ· ππ»ΝπΌππ·Μthey had prepared it, I'm eating itπ½π°Μππ°πΏπ»ΜΝ π°ππ·Μπ» ππ·/π½π°Μππ°πΏπ»ΜΝ π°ππ°Μππ» ππ·Μthey have gone on horseback
π'π·π'π·Μ1die2be dead3death4the dead5dead personThis particular term is listed as an adjective, but it is conjugated as a verb.
ππ· π·ππ· π·Μ1request [that someone do something]2ask [someone to do something]3propose [that someone do something]4instruct/tell [someone to do something]5have someone do somethingππ·π·
ππ· πΌπ»ππππ°ππ·ππ· π½π»Μππππ°Μππ·1Julybuffalo rutting timeππ· πΌπππππ°ππ·ππ·πΌπ»πΌ-ππππ·-ππ·πΉπ°Νππ°πππ·πΉπΏπ° ππ»ππ·πΉπππ·πΉπΏπ°ππ· ππππ°ππ·ππ»Ν ππΌπ°Νππ»ππ»Ν ππΌ'π²πΌπ·ππ° πΉπ· ππ°ππππ·ππ° πΌπ»ππππ°ππ·ππ° πππππ°ππ·ππ·πππΌπ° πΌπ»ππ»ππ»ππ·πππΌπ° ππ°Νππ°Νππ°ππ·ππ°ππ·ππ°ππ°ππ· ππ·ππ°ππ°ππ·
π'π· πΌπΝππ·π'π·Μ πΌπΝππ·Μ1pretend to dieπ'π·πΌπΝππ·This entry is composed of more than one word. Any conjugations need to be done on the LAST word.
ππ· ππ·ππ»ππ°ππ°ππ· ππ·ππ»Μππ°ππ°1stomach of a buffalo cowππ·ππ·ππ»ππ°ππ°
ππ· ππ·ππππππ·Μ ππ·ππΜππ1rib of a buffalo cowππ·ππ·ππππ
ππ·π°πΉπΏπ°ππ·ππ·π°ΜπΉπΏπ°ππ·1raspberry2raspberriesππ·π°πππ°ππ·ππ·πππ°ππ»
ππ·π°πΉπΏπ°ππ· πΉπππ·π°ΜπΉπΏπ°ππ· πΉπ1raspberry bushππ·π°πππ°ππ· πΉπππ·π°πΉπΏπ°ππ·πΉπ
ππ·πΉπ°ππ°πΏπ·ππ·πΉπ°Μππ°πΏπ·1shield2rawhide shieldππ·πΉπ°ππ°πΌππ·ππ·πΉπ°
ππ·πΉπ·ππ»Νππ·ΜπΉπ·ππ»Ν1dish, dishes (e.g., a set of plates, cups, and bowls)2cupππ·πΉπ·ππ»Ν
ππ·πΌπ°ππ·ΜπΌπ°π1newadjective2anewadjective3freshadjective4recentadjective5just nowadverb6newlyadverb7recentadverb8recentlyadverb9just a while agoadverb
ππ·πΌπ° ππΝππ·ΜπΌπ° ππΜΝπ1teenager2young person or young people3children in their teens'recently grown-up' or 'recently adult'ππ·πΌπ°ππΝ
π'π·πΌπ° ππΌ'π°Νπ'π·ΜπΌπ° πΜπΌ'π°Ν1funny stuff2foolish actsπ'π·πΌπ°ππΌ'π°Ν
ππ·πΌπ°ππ»Νππ·ΜπΌπ°ππ»Ν1just now2just barelyππ·πΌπ°ππ»Ν
*ππ·πΌπ»ππ·ΜπΌπ»1uncle (mother's brother)*πΉπ°ΝπΌπ°*πΉπΝ*πΌπ*ππΝπ·ππ»Ν*ππΝπΌπ°*ππ»πΌ'π·*ππ°ΝπΌπ·*ππ·ππ»Ν*ππΝππ·*ππ»ππ»*ππ»ππ»*ππ»πππ°ΝπΌπ·*ππ»Νππ*ππ»ππ*ππππΌπ°*ππ°ππ·*ππ»ΝπΌπ·*ππ»Νππ·*ππΝπ°Ν*ππΝπΌπ·ππ»πΌππ°Νππ°ΝπΉπ°Νππ»πΌππππππ°This kinship term is incomplete. It must have a possessive prefix added to express my, your, or his/her.
ππ·πΏπ»Ν π°πΏπ»Νππ·πΏπ»ΜΝ π°ΜπΏπ»ΜΝ1bicyclesit upon a wheelππ·πΏπ»Νπ°πΏπ»Ν
π'π·πΏπΝππ»Νπ'π·ΜπΏπΝππ»Ν1giddy2running here and there, not satisfied anywhere3dead drunk, excited, out of one's mindπ'π·πΏπΝππ·π'π·πΏπΝππ»Ν
ππ·ππ»ΝπΌπ°ππ·Μππ»ΜΝπΌπ°1buffalo cowππ·ππ»ΝπΌπ°ππ·πππΌπ°
ππ·ππ»ππ°ππ°ππ·Μππ»Μππ°ππ°ππ·ππ»Μππ°ππ°Μ1stomach of a person2tripeππ·ππ»ππ°Νππ°Νππ»ππ°ππ°ππ»ππ°ππ°ππ·ππ·
ππ·ππΌ'π°ππ·ΜππΌ'π°1frogπ'π·ππΌ'π°ππ·πππΌ'π°πππ·πΌ'π°
ππ·ππΌπ°ππ·ΜππΌπ°1cow (not necessarily female)2head of cattle3domestic cow or ox4beefwhite buffaloππ·ππΌπ°
ππ·ππΌπ°ππ·ΜππΌπ°1perhaps2it may beππ·ππΌπ°Dorsey notes that this is the "fut. of ππΌπ°."