π“Šπ’·

Definition
π“Šπ’·π“Œπ’·1evidential marker indicating that speaker or addressee has circumstantial or sensory evidence (rather than witnessing) that the situation reported in the sentence occurred (can often be approximately translated as 'have/has/had already')𐒰̄𐒿𐒷̋ π“Œπ’· 𐒹𐒻́𐒷 𐓍𐒰́𐒹𐒰I had already left by the time he got there𐓏𐒰𐒼'𐓂́ 𐒰𐒼𐓐𐒰 π“ˆπ’°Μ‹π’Όπ’°π“„π’» π“Œπ’·that woman has fought; that woman did fight𐒼𐒰̋𐓑𐒰𐓄𐒻 π“Œπ’· π’΄π’°Μ‹π“Œπ’· π“€π’»Ν˜π’Όπ“‡π’·Μthey had prepared it, and I'm eating it𐒰𐒿𐒷̋ π“Œπ’· 𐒹𐒻́𐒷 𐓍𐒰́𐒹𐒰I had left when he got thereπ“‚π“π’»Μπ“‰π’°Ν˜ π“‡π’Όπ’°Μ‹Ν˜ π“Œπ’·Μ?is the car started?π“‚π’Όπ’°Μπ’Ήπ’°Ν˜π“„π’° 𐒼𐒰̄𐒿𐒷́𐒼𐒷 π“Œπ’·Μsomeone broke a window, that's the way it isπ“‚Μ„π“π’°Μπ’Ήπ’°Ν˜ π“Œπ’· π’΄π’°Μ‹π“Œπ’· π“€π’»Ν˜π’Όπ“†π’·Μyou had cooked it and I'm eating itπ“‚π“π’°Μπ’½π’°Ν˜ π’΄π’»Μ‹π“‡π“ˆπ’°Ν˜ π“Œπ’· π’°π“Œπ’»Μπ“„π’·I had already finished helping her when they got there𐒰𐓍𐒷̋ π“Œπ’· 𐒹𐒻́𐒷 𐓍𐒰́𐒹𐒰you [sg.] had already left when he got thereπ“ˆπ’°Μ‹π“ˆπ’°Ν˜ 𐓒𐒰̋𐓁𐒻 π’·π“Šπ’»Μ π“Œπ’·?is everything there?π“‚Μπ’½π’°Ν˜ π’·π“Šπ’»Μ π“Œπ’·?is there room over there?π“π’»π““π’»ΜΝ˜π’Όπ’· π’Ήπ’°Μ‹Ν˜π“„π’°π“†π’Όπ’° 𐒹𐒻̋ π“Œπ’·?Sonny, has daylight come?π“ˆπ’°Μ‹π“ˆπ’°Ν˜ 𐓒𐒰̋𐓁𐒻 𐒷̋ π’·π“Šπ’»Μ π“Œπ’·?is everything there [ready]?Jacka π’Ήπ’°Μ‹π’Όπ“‚Ν˜ 𐒷̄𐒼𐒻́𐒷 π“Œπ’· π’»Μ„π“π’°Μπ“‡π“ˆπ’°Ν˜I agree with what Jack said𐒻̋𐓍𐒰̄𐓄𐒻 π“Œπ’·Μthey have seen itπ’Ήπ’°Μ‹π’Όπ“‚Ν˜π“„π’» π“Œπ’·Μ?how did they do?; what happened to them?𐒹𐒰𐓇𐒻́𐓉𐒰 𐒰𐓄𐒰 𐒷́𐒼𐒻𐒰𐓄𐒻 π“Œπ’·Μthe ones before me said that𐒽𐒰́𐓏𐒰 π’°π’Ώπ’»Μ‹Ν˜ 𐒰𐓍𐒰̋𐓄𐒻 π“Œπ’·they went horseback ridingπ““π’»Ν˜π’Όπ’°Μπ““π’»Ν˜ 𐒰𐓄𐒰 𐓂𐓀𐒻́𐓓𐒷 π“π’°π“†π“ŽΜπ’Ήπ“Žπ““π’» 𐒼𐒰̋𐓑𐒰𐓄𐒻 π“Œπ’·Μthe children have dirtied the rugπ““π’»Ν˜π’Όπ’°Μπ““π’»Ν˜ 𐒰𐓄𐒰 π“‹π’·Μπ’Ήπ’·π““π’»Ν˜ π“π“ŽΜ„π’Ώπ’·Μπ’Όπ’·π“„π’» π“Œπ’·the children broke a dish, they've done it, and they've left it, and it's thereπ“π’°Ν˜π“π’»π“‚Μπ“„π’°π““π’» π’Όπ“‚ΜΝ˜π“π’°π“„π’» π“Œπ’·she found out that he had wanted a cigaretteπ“†π“ŽΜπ’½π’° π“‰π’°Μ‹Ν˜ π“‚Μ„π’Ήπ“‚ΜΝ˜ π“π’°Μ‹π’Ώπ’»Ν˜ 𐒼𐒰̋𐓑𐒰𐓄𐒻 π“Œπ’·Μthe turkey was well prepared𐒼𐒰̋𐓑𐒰𐓄𐒻 π“Œπ’· π’΄π’°Μ‹π“Œπ’· π“€π’»Ν˜π’Όπ“‡π’·Μthey had prepared it, I'm eating itπ’½π’°Μπ“π’°π’Ώπ’»Μ„Ν˜ 𐒰𐓍𐒷̋𐒻 π“Œπ’·/π’½π’°Μπ“π’°π’Ώπ’»Μ„Ν˜ 𐒰𐓍𐒰̋𐓄𐒻 π“Œπ’·Μthey have gone on horseback