πΌ
πΌπ°ππ· πΉπππ°Νπ½π°Μππ· πΉπΜππ°Ν1the cry of a crow2a croakThe "croak" here refers to a crow, not a frog.πΌπ°ππ·πΉπππ°Ν
πΌπ°ππ· ππ°ΝπΌπ°π½π°Μππ· ππ°ΝπΌπ°1raven2big crowbig crowπΌπ°ππ·ππ°ΝπΌπ°
πΌπ°ππ»ππ°πΌπ°ππ»Μππ°1make fall to the ground by striking, etc.πΌπ°-ππ»ππ°ππππ»ππ°
πΌπ°ππΝπΌπ°ΜππΜΝ1break off, break by striking (a long object, such as a stick)transitive verbπππΜπππ· πΌπ°ΜππΜΝππ·he broke the cradle boardππ°ΜπΉπ πΌπ°ΜππΜΝ π°Μππ·they said he broke his neck2be broken (when used with continuative auxiliary akxa or apa)intransitive verb3break, as a nail, ear of corn, stick, etc., by striking, without breaking it entirely in twotransitive verb4break or be broken by fallingtransitive verbπΌπ°ππΝπΌπ°-ππΝππ°ΝππΝππ°ππΝππ°ππΝππ»ππΝ
πΌπ°ππππ·πΌπ°ΜππΜππ·1break, as any small or thin object, requiring little force, as a pecan nut2split, split open, crack or splinter by sudden impactπΌπ°ππ»ππ·πΌπ°ππππ°πΌπ°-ππππ·πΌπ°ππΝπΌπ·ππ°ππππ·Dorsey notes that this term "Refers to the first breaking, before that denoted by πΌπ°ππΝπΌπ·,"
πΌπ°ππ°ΝπΌπ°Μππ°ΜΝπΌπ°Μππ°Ν1scold2reprimand3chastise4censure5bawl outπΌπ°-
πΌπ°ππ°Ν ππ·πΌπ°ππ°ΜΝ ππ·1go without fear to one or more persons who are in a bad humorπΌπ°ππ°Νπ°ππ·This entry is composed of more than one word. Any conjugations need to be done on the LAST word.
πΌπ°ππ°Νππ°ΝπΌπ°Μππ°ΜΝππ°Ν1scold over and over2keep on scoldingπΌπ°ππ°ΝThis term uses reduplication which means part of the word (usually just one syllable) is repeated to express the idea of an action or idea occurring over and over. If the syllable being reduplicated ends in "e," it almost always changes to "a." For example, "-se" would become "-sasa" or "-sase."
πΌπ°Νππ·π½π°ΜΝππ·1Kaw2Kansa (tribe or tribal member)3Kaw Indianπ°ππ°ππ°π²ππ°πππΉπ°ππ»ΝπΏπ·ππ·πΌπ°ππ·πΉπ»Νππ°πΉπππ°ΝπΌπ°πΌπ°ππππ°ππππΌππΌπ·ππ° πππΌπ°ππ°ππ°ππΝππ°ππ»Νππ°ππ»ππ°πΉπ°ππ°ππππ·ππΝπΌπ°ππ°πΌπ» πΉπππ°πΌπ»ππ°ππ°πΌπ»ππ»Νππ°π°πΌπ·ππ°πΉπ°Νππ°πΏπ°πΌπ»ππ°ππ°ππ»ππ°ππ°ππ»Νππ»πΌπ°ππ·ππ»ππππ°πΉπππ°πΉπ°ππ°ππ° ππ»πΌπ°ππ°πππΉπΏπ°ππ°ππ°ππ»ππ°ππ°ππ·ππ°πππΏπ°ππ»ππ»ππ°
πΌπ°ππ»πΌπ°Μππ»Μ1drive (a vehicle)2herd (animals)3make or force someone to do something4command someone to do something5blow with force (as in blowing one's nose)6drive a team of horses or an automobileπΌπ°ππ»ΝπΌπ°-
πΌπ·π½π·Μ1turtle2tortoise3terrapinDorsey notes that this is "the generic name of the tortoises or turtles."
πΌπ·πΌπ·1positional article for dispersed, scattered, or randomly located entities (modifies noun or noun phrase)πΉπ°ΜππΌπ°Μ ππ°ππΜπΉπππ»πΌπ· ππ°ΜπΉπ»Μππ±, ππ΅πΜππ°ππ ππ±be sorting the [scattered] dirty clothes, let's you wash them (i.e., 'how about you [pl.] wash them?')ππ°Μππ°Ν ππ·ΜπΌπ· πΉπΜΝππ»πΌπ·these bad things [scattered around]ππππ·ΜπΌπ·remainders or leftovers that are scattered aroundπΉπ°ππ»ΜΝπΌπ· πππ·ΜππΌππ°Νwrap up those blankets [lying around haphazardly, not stacked neatly]ππ°Μππ»ΜΝπΌπ°πΌπ· ππ°Μππ°Μππ°count the [scattered] birdsπΉπΜΝππ»ΝπΌπ·these bad things aroundπΉπ°ππ»ΜΝ π½πΜΝπ΄π° πΌπ· ππ»Μπ· ππ»πΌ'π π°ππ±the blankets [lying around] that I want are the ones she gave you2around, in dispersed locations or with dispersing actionππ°Μππ°Ν π
π»Μππ»Ν π·ππ»ΜπΌπ· ππ°Νif there are bad things aroundπ·ππ»ΜπΌπ·be around, exist aroundππ°ΜΝππ· ππ°ΜππΜΝπΌπ· ππΝ π°πΌππ±Μwhile he was chewing ice, he broke his toothπΉπΝπ΄π»ΜΝπΌπ· ππ· π
π°ΜπΉπ»ΜπΌπ·I sorted the beansQuintero notes on page 383 of her Osage Grammar (2004), "πΌπ· appears on a few verbs and singular nouns to indicate a single item divided, broken, or shattered into pieces. Thus, for example, from ππ»ππΝ 'break' (transitive) is formed πΉπ» ππ»ππΝπΌπ· 'he broke his tooth (πΉπ») in pieces'. Compare also πΏπ·πΌπ· 'shattered, in pieces'."3the scattered inanimate objectsπΌππ·ππ°ππ·πππ°Νππ·ππ°Νππ·ππ»ΝπΌππ·
πΌ'π·πΌ'π·Μ1digππΜππΌπ° π°πΌ'π·Μ ππ° π°ππ»ΝπΉπ·ΜI'm going to dig potatoesππΜππΌπ° π°ΝπΌ'π·Μ ππ° π°ΝπΌπ±Μwe're going to dig potatoes2dig upππ°πΌ'π
πΌπ·πΏπ·ππ·π½π·πΏπ·Μππ·1box turtlestriped turtleπΌπ·πΌππ·ππ·πΌπ·πΏπ·ππ·
πΌπ·πππΝπΌπ°π½π·πππΜΝπΌπ°1soft-shelled turtlesoft turtleπΌπ·πππΝπΌπ°πΌπ·πππΝπΌπ°Dorsey notes that this is "the soft-shelled turtle, which stays on sand-bars."
πΌπ»πΌπ»1inππ°Μππ·Μ πΌπ» ππ°Μππ»Μ π·ΜππΌπ»Μππ°Ν πΌπ»ΜπΉπΜΝππ·he also liked the way they danced in the windππ°ΜΝππ°Ν πΌπ» ππ°ΜπΏπ»ΜΝI live in town2into3at4on5to something plural or multipleππ°ΜππΜ π°Μππ°ππ» πΌπ»up into the mountainsππ°ΜππΜ πΌπ» π°ππ°Μππ·they went to the mountainsππ°Μππ»Μ πΌπ» πππ»Μπ· ππ·I went to the dancesππ°Μππ°Ν πΌπ» ππ΅π·Μ ππ°Ν ππΜπ
π·Μππ· ππΜπ· π°ππ»ΜΝπΏπ»when you go to town [viewed as a collection of buildings], bring back some matchesDorsey describes this suffix as "a terminal adverb of position."
πΌπ»-πΌπ»1dative prefix, indicating that an action is done in the presence of someone [e.g., egie 'speak in the presence of someone'], for the benefit of someone ["benefactive"], in place of someone, or to someone else's possession; can also indicate action transferring something to someone2to3forπΌπ»-This is an affix that cannot be used by itself. It is attached to other words or roots.
πΌπ»-πΌπ»1anew2again3in reaction4in return5backπΌπ»-Quintero (Osage Dictionary, page 118) notes that this is an "inceptive prefix" and that "Inceptive πΌπ»- is retained after pronominal prefixes (πΌπ»-ret) in most but not all verbs."This is an affix that cannot be used by itself. It is attached to other words or roots.
πΌπ»ΝπΌπ»ΜΝπ1fly (as birds do)intransitive verb2ride in an airplaneintransitive verb3airplanenoun
πΌ'π»ΝπΌ'π»ΜΝ1carry2carry on the backππ°ΜΝπ½π° ππ»Μππ° π°ΜπΏπ»ΜΝ ππ° ππ»πΌπ»ΜπΌ'π»Ν ππ° ππ»ΝπΌππ· π°Μππ°I'll carry you on my back, he saidπΌ'π»ΜΝ ππ·Μthey are carrying them on their back3carry a load on the back
πΌπ»π°ππ»π½π»Μπ°ππ»1wipe oneself (in the bathroom, after using the toilet)ππ°π½π»Μπ°ππ»?did you wipe yourself? (in the bathroom only)ππ»ΝπΌπ°Μππ» π°ππ° π½π»Μπ°ππ» π°ππ±the children are wiping themselvesπ½π»π°Μππ»ππ»wipe yourselvesπΌπ»πΌ-πΌπ°ππ»
πΌπ»π·ππππ°π½π»Μπ·ππΜππ°π1eightπ½π»Μππ·ππΜππ° πΜππΜ ππ°Νππ·Μthey [used to, always] put in eightagain fourπΌπ»πΌππ·ππππ°πΌπ»ππ·ππππ°πΌπ»ππ·ππππ°πΌπ»πΌππ·ππππ°
πΌπ»π·ππππ»Νπ½π»Μπ·ππΜππ»Ν1eight timesπΌπ»πΌππ·ππππ»ΝπΌπ»π·ππππ°-π»Ν
πΌπ»πΉπ°ππ·πΌπ»ΜπΉπ°ππ·1flee from a person, etc.2shun3avoid4evadeπΌπ»-πΉπ°ππ·
πΌπ»πΉπ»πΌπ·πΌπ»ΜπΉπ»πΌπ·1be chief over2be chief for or over a people3be chief of a tribeπΌπ»-πΌπ°πΉπ»πΌπ·πΌπ»ππ°ππ°ΝπΌπ°
πΌπ»πΉπΝπΌπ»ΜπΉπΜΝ1like, loveππ°ππ°Μππ· πΜππΝπ΄π· π°ΜΝπΉπΜΝI like Osage foodπΜππ°ΜπΉπ°Ν ππ°Ν π°ΜΝπΉπΜΝwhen you cook I like itππ°Μππ°ΜπππΝ ππ°Ν π°ΜΝπΉπΜΝwhen you sing I like itππ°ππΎππ· ππ°Μππ°Ν ππ»ΜπΉπΜΝ?what kind of candy do you like?ππ°Μππ° ππ»ΜπΉπΜΝ π»Μπππ°πΉπΝ?do you know what you like?ππ°Μππ° π°ΜΝπΉπΜΝ π»Μπ
π°πΉπΝ, π»Νππ·Μ ππΜπ
π»Μππ» π°ΜΝπΉπΜΝI know what I like, I like to make facesππ°Μ ππ°Μππ·Μ πΌπ»ΜπΉπΜΝππ·she likes to eat meatππ°ππ°Μππ°Ν πΌπ»ΜπΉπΜΝππ·he loves to drinkhe likes to drinkππ°Μππ·Μ πΌπ» ππ°Μππ»Μ π·ΜππΌπ»Μππ°Ν πΌπ»ΜπΉπΜΝππ·he also liked the way they danced in the windππ»ΝπΌπ°Μππ»Ν ππ°πππ°ΜΝ πΌπ»ΜπΉπΜΝthose kids like squashπΌπ»-
πΌπ»πΉπΝππ»πΌπ»πΉπΜΝππ»1dislike somethingtransitive verb2grieve, be unhappyintransitive verb3griefnoun4anything one doesn't likenounπΌπ»πΉπΝπ°ππ»
πΌπ»πΉππΉπ·πΌπ°πΌπ»πΉπΜπΉπ·πΌπ°1sick, suffer from an illnessπΌπ»-πΉππΉπ·πΌπ°
πΌπ»πΌ-πΌπ»πΌ1one's own (suus prefix: object belongs to or is related to the subject)πΌπ»-This is an affix that cannot be used by itself. It is attached to other words or roots.
πΌπ»πΌ-π½π»πΌ1reflexive prefix: oneself, myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselvesπ°Μπ½π»ππΜΝππ° ππ»Νwatch out for yourself2reflexive prefix with benefactive interpretation: for oneself, for myself, for yourself, for himself, for herself, for itself, for ourselves, for yourselves, for themselvesππ°ππΜπ· ππΌπΜπ· π°Μπ½π»ππ ππ·let me look at my cake3with reflexive possessive (suus) interpretation (object is possessed by subject): my, your his, her, our, their4reciprocal prefix: each other, one anotherππ»Μπ½π° ππ°πΌ'πΜ π½π»Μππππ° π°πΌππ±the man and woman love each other5reciprocal prefix with indirect interpretation (dative, benefactive, etc.): for each other, to each other, with each otherπΉπ°ππ»ΜΝ π½π»ΜπΌ'π ππ·they gave each other blanketsππ°Μπ½π»Μππ° ππ°ΜπΉπ°Μpray for each other, raise it upπΌπ-This is an affix that cannot be used by itself. It is attached to other words or roots.If kig- (or its variant kug-) is used with a BRUSH verb to express "self" (reflexive), a g- before the th emerges, forming gth, which has become an L in modern Osage. For example, ki- (reflexive) + thuzha (wash) becomes kiluzha. If kig- (or its variant kug-) is used with a BRUSH verb to express "each other" (reciprocal), it is simply added to the verb with no further additions or changes beyond any necessary conjugations. In either case, when this kig- (kug-) this term is no longer treated as a BRUSH verb, but is now conjugated as an ATHA verb.
πΌπ»πΌπ°ΝπΌπ»Μπ½π°ΝπΌπ»π½π°ΜΝ1fan off, as at a peyote meetingtransitive verbππ»πΌπ»Μπ½π°Ν ππ° π°ππ±they're going to fan you offππ»πΌπ»Μπ½πΝ ππ·Μ ππ°, ππ·these people want to fan you offπ°ΝπΌπ»Μπ½π°Νfan me offπΌπ»Μπ½π°Ν πΌπ°Μππ°fan him offfan himππ°ΜπΌπ»Μπ½π°Νfan them off2fan, fanningnounπΌπ»πΌπΝπΌπ»-πΌπ°πΌπ°Ν
πΌπ»πΌπ°ππ·πΌπ»πΌπ°Μππ·1make over, do over, repair or fix something (belonging to oneself or to another person, e.g., repair a torn place in a dress), redo, reform2repair3mend4vamp5make an object over or anewπΌπ»-πΌπ°ππ·πΌππ»ππ·
πΌπ»πΌπ°ππ·πΌπ»πΌπ°Μππ·1make or produce for someoneπΌπ»-πΌπ°ππ·
πΌπ»πΌ'π°Νππ·πΌπ»ππ·π½π»πΌ'π°ΜΝππ·π½π»ππ·1restmake oneself comfortableπΌπ»πΌ'π°Νππ·πΌπ»πΌ--ππ·
πΌπ»πΌπ»Νππ»Νπ½π»Μπ½π»Νππ»Ν1curly2kinky3tangledπππΌπ»πΌπ»ΝQuintero notes (Osage Dictionary, page 68) that this term is "borrowed from English kinky."
πΌπ»πΌ'πΝπΌπ»πΌ'πΜΝ1paint the face of a deceased person, apply face painttransitive verb2makeup, cosmetics, face paintnoun
πΌπ»πΌππππ·πΌπ»Μπ½πΜπππ·1run off (on someone), abandon, leave (someone)
πΌπ»πΌπΝππ°πΌπ»ΜπΌπΝππ°1want something that is another'sπΌπ»-πΌπΝππ°
πΌπ»πΌ'ππ½π»πΌ'πΜπ½π»ΜπΌ'π1give each otherπΉπ°ππ»ΜΝ π½π»πΌ'πΜππ·they gave each other blanketsπΌπ»πΌ-πΌ'π
πΌπ»πΌ'ππΌπ»ΜπΌ'π1give to one's own, give away to one's own peopleπΌπ»πΌ-πΌ'π