Osage-English

Back to Top

𐒼

𐒼𐒰𐓐𐒷 π’Ήπ“‚π“ˆπ’°Ν˜π’½π’°Μπ“π’· π’Ήπ“‚Μπ“‰π’°Ν˜1the cry of a crow2a croakThe "croak" here refers to a crow, not a frog.π’Όπ’°π“π’·π’Ήπ“‚π“ˆπ’°Ν˜
π’Όπ’°π“π“‚Ν˜π’Όπ’°Μ„π“π“‚ΜΝ˜1break off, break by striking (a long object, such as a stick)transitive verb𐓂𐓍𐓂́𐓄𐓇𐒷 π’Όπ’°Μ„π“π“‚ΜΝ˜π“„π’·he broke the cradle boardπ“‰π’°Μπ’Ήπ“Ž π’Όπ’°Μ„π“π“‚ΜΝ˜ 𐒰̋𐓄𐒷they said he broke his neck2be broken (when used with continuative auxiliary akxa or apa)intransitive verb3break, as a nail, ear of corn, stick, etc., by striking, without breaking it entirely in twotransitive verb4break or be broken by fallingtransitive verbπ’Όπ’°π“π“ŽΝ˜π’Όπ’°-π“π“‚Ν˜π“π’°Ν˜π“π“‚Ν˜π“„π’°π“π“‚Ν˜π“π’°π“π“‚Ν˜π“π’»π“π“‚Ν˜
π’Όπ’°π“π“Žπ“π’·π’Όπ’°Μ„π“π“ŽΜπ“π’·transitive verb1break, as any small or thin object, requiring little force, as a pecan nut2split, split open, crack or splinter by sudden impactπ’Όπ’°π“π’»π“π’·π’Όπ’°π“π“Žπ“π’°π’Όπ’°-π“π“Žπ“π’·π’Όπ’°π“‡π“‚Ν˜π’Όπ’·π“„π’°π“π“Žπ“π’·Dorsey notes that this term "Refers to the first breaking, before that denoted by π’Όπ’°π“‡π“‚Ν˜π’Όπ’·,"
π’Όπ’°π“’π’°Ν˜π’Όπ’°Μ„π“’π’°ΜΝ˜π’Όπ’°Μ‹π“’π’°Ν˜transitive verb1scold2reprimand3chastise4censure5bawl out𐒼𐒰-
π’Όπ’°π“’π’°Ν˜ π“π’·π’Όπ’°π“’π’°ΜΝ˜ 𐓍𐒷intransitive verb1go without fear to one or more persons who are in a bad humorπ’Όπ’°π“’π’°Ν˜π’°π“π’·This entry is composed of more than one word. Any conjugations need to be done on the LAST word.
π’Όπ’°π“’π’°Ν˜π“’π’°Ν˜π’Όπ’°Μ„π“’π’°ΜΝ˜π“’π’°Ν˜transitive verb1scold over and over2keep on scoldingπ’Όπ’°π“’π’°Ν˜This term uses reduplication which means part of the word (usually just one syllable) is repeated to express the idea of an action or idea occurring over and over. If the syllable being reduplicated ends in "e," it almost always changes to "a." For example, "-se" would become "-sasa" or "-sase."
π’Όπ’°Ν˜π“’π’·π’½π’°Μ‹Ν˜π“’π’·noun1Kaw2Kansa (tribe or tribal member)3Kaw Indianπ’°π“€π’°π“π’°π’²π“„π’°π“π“‚π’Ήπ’°π“π’»Ν˜π’Ώπ’·π““π’·π’Όπ’°π“π’·π’Ήπ’»Ν˜π“‡π’°π’Ήπ“‚π“ˆπ’°Ν˜π’Όπ’°π’Όπ’°π“π“‚π“π’°π“€π“Žπ“†π’Όπ“‚π’Όπ’·π“„π’° π“ˆπ“‚π’Όπ’°π“„π’°π“„π’°π“π“‚Ν˜π“„π’°π“π’»Ν˜π“„π’°π“π’»π“€π’°π’Ήπ’°π“„π’°π“π“‚π“Šπ’·π“„π“‚Ν˜π’Όπ’°π“†π’°π’Όπ’» π’Ήπ“‚π“†π’°π’Όπ’»π“π’°π“†π’°π’Όπ’»π““π’»Ν˜π“‡π’°π’°π’Όπ’·π“‡π’°π’Ήπ’°Ν˜π“‡π’°π’Ώπ’°π’Όπ’»π“‡π’°π“π’°π“π’»π“‡π’°π“π’°π“π’»Ν˜π“Šπ’»π’Όπ’°π“‡π’·π“Šπ’»π“„π“‚π“π’°π’Ήπ“‚π“π’°π’Ήπ’°π“π’°π“„π’° π“π’»π’Όπ’°π“π’°π“‡π“‚π’Ήπ’Ώπ’°π“π’°π“π’°π“π’»π“π’°π““π’°π““π’·π“π’°π““π“‚π’Ώπ’°π“π’»π“Šπ’»π“ˆπ’°
𐒼𐒰𐓓𐒻𐒼𐒰̄𐓓𐒻́transitive verb1drive (a vehicle)2herd (animals)3make or force someone to do something4command someone to do something5blow with force (as in blowing one's nose)6drive a team of horses or an automobileπ’Όπ’°π““π’»Ν˜π’Όπ’°-
𐒼𐒰𐓓𐓂𐒼𐒰𐓓𐓂́transitive verb1hull walnuts by poundingπ’Όπ’°π““π“Žπ’Όπ’°-
𐒼𐒷𐒽𐒷̋noun1turtle2tortoise3terrapinDorsey notes that this is "the generic name of the tortoises or turtles."
𐒼𐒷𐒼𐒷1positional article for dispersed, scattered, or randomly located entities (modifies noun or noun phrase)𐒹𐒰̄𐓆𐒼𐒰́ π“π’°π“†π“ŽΜπ’Ήπ“Žπ““π’»π’Όπ’· 𐓄𐒰̄𐒹𐒻́𐓄𐒱, π“‡π’΅π“ŽΜ‹π“π’°π“†π“Ž 𐓉𐒱be sorting the [scattered] dirty clothes, let's you wash them (i.e., 'how about you [pl.] wash them?')π“ˆπ’°Μ‹π“ˆπ’°Ν˜ 𐓍𐒷́𐒼𐒷 π’Ήπ“‚Μ‹Ν˜π““π’»π’Όπ’·these bad things [scattered around]π“‚π“‡π“Šπ’·Μπ’Όπ’·remainders or leftovers that are scattered aroundπ’Ήπ’°π“π’»ΜΝ˜π’Όπ’· π“‚π“„π’·Μπ“ˆπ’Όπ“π’°Ν˜wrap up those blankets [lying around haphazardly, not stacked neatly]π“π’°Μ„π““π’»ΜΝ˜π’Όπ’°π’Όπ’· 𐓏𐒰́𐓍𐒰̄𐓏𐒰count the [scattered] birdsπ’Ήπ“‚Μ‹Ν˜π““π’»Ν˜π’Όπ’·these bad things aroundπ’Ήπ’°π“π’»ΜΝ˜ π’½π“‚ΜΝ˜π’΄π’° 𐒼𐒷 𐓍𐒻́𐒷 𐓍𐒻𐒼'π“Ž 𐒰𐓄𐒱the blankets [lying around] that I want are the ones she gave you2around, in dispersed locations or with dispersing actionπ“ˆπ’°Μ‹π“ˆπ’°Ν˜ π“…π’»Μ‹π““π’»Ν˜ π’·π“Šπ’»Μπ’Όπ’· π“ˆπ’°Ν˜if there are bad things aroundπ’·π“Šπ’»Μπ’Όπ’·be around, exist aroundπ“π’°ΜΝ˜π“‘π’· π“π’°Μ„π“π“‚ΜΝ˜π’Όπ’· π“‡π“‚Ν˜ 𐒰𐒼𐓐𐒱́while he was chewing ice, he broke his toothπ’Ήπ“‚Ν˜π’΄π’»ΜΝ˜π’Όπ’· π“Œπ’· 𐓅𐒰̄𐒹𐒻́𐒼𐒷I sorted the beansQuintero notes on page 383 of her Osage Grammar (2004), "𐒼𐒷 appears on a few verbs and singular nouns to indicate a single item divided, broken, or shattered into pieces. Thus, for example, from π“π’»π“π“‚Ν˜ 'break' (transitive) is formed 𐒹𐒻 π“π’»π“π“‚Ν˜π’Όπ’· 'he broke his tooth (𐒹𐒻) in pieces'. Compare also 𐒿𐒷𐒼𐒷 'shattered, in pieces'."3the scattered inanimate objectsπ’Όπ“‡π’·π“„π’°π“„π’·π“ˆπ“π’°Ν˜π“Šπ’·π“π’°Ν˜π“π’·π“π’»Ν˜π’Όπ“‡π’·
𐒼'𐒷𐒼'𐒷́transitive verb1digπ“ˆπ“‚Μ‹π“†π’Όπ’° 𐒰𐒼'𐒷́ 𐓉𐒰 π’°π“π’»Ν˜π’Ήπ’·ΜI'm going to dig potatoesπ“ˆπ“‚Μ‹π“†π’Όπ’° π’°Ν˜π’Ό'𐒷́ 𐓉𐒰 π’°Ν˜π’Όπ’±Μwe're going to dig potatoes2dig up𐓄𐒰𐒼'𐓂
𐒼𐒷𐒿𐒷𐓒𐒷𐒽𐒷𐒿𐒷́𐓒𐒷noun1box turtlestriped turtle𐒼𐒷𐒼𐓍𐒷𐓒𐒷𐒼𐒷𐒿𐒷𐓒𐒷
𐒼𐒷𐓁𐒰𐒼𐒷́𐓁𐒰1the inanimate objects which were scattered then𐒼𐒷-𐓁𐒰
𐒼𐒷𐓄𐒷𐒼𐒷́𐓄𐒷adjective1notched (in one place)𐒼'𐒰𐓄𐒷
π’Όπ’·π“‡π“ˆπ“‚Ν˜π’Όπ’°π’½π’·π“‡π“ˆπ“‚ΜΝ˜π’Όπ’°noun1soft-shelled turtlesoft turtleπ’Όπ’·π“‡π“ˆπ“ŽΝ˜π’Όπ’°π’Όπ’·π“‡π“ˆπ“‚Ν˜π’Όπ’°Dorsey notes that this is "the soft-shelled turtle, which stays on sand-bars."
π’Όπ’·π“ˆπ’°π“π’·π’½π’·Μ„π“ˆπ’°Μπ“π’·noun1shadow
𐒼𐒷𐓍𐓂𐒽𐒷́𐓍𐓂noun1clear sky, as after a storm
𐒼𐒻𐒼𐒻post1inπ“‰π’°Μ„π“Šπ’·Μ 𐒼𐒻 π“π’°Μ„π“Œπ’»Μ π’·Μ„π“‡π’Όπ’»Μπ“ˆπ’°Ν˜ π’Όπ’»Μπ’Ήπ“‚Μ„Ν˜π“„π’·he also liked the way they danced in the windπ“‰π’°ΜΝ˜π“π’°Ν˜ 𐒼𐒻 π“‚π’°Μπ’Ώπ’»Μ„Ν˜I live in town2into3at4on5to something plural or multiple𐓄𐒰̄𐓑𐓂́ 𐒰́𐓀𐒰𐓇𐒻 𐒼𐒻up into the mountains𐓄𐒰̄𐓑𐓂́ 𐒼𐒻 𐒰𐓍𐒰̋𐓄𐒷they went to the mountainsπ“π’°Μ„π“Œπ’»Μ 𐒼𐒻 𐓄𐓇𐒻́𐒷 𐓍𐒷I went to the dancesπ“‰π’°Μπ“π’°Ν˜ 𐒼𐒻 𐓇𐒡𐒷̋ π“ˆπ’°Ν˜ π“π“ŽΜπ“…π’·Μ„π“Šπ’· π“ˆπ“‚Μπ’· π’°π“π’»ΜΝ˜π’Ώπ’»when you go to town [viewed as a collection of buildings], bring back some matchesDorsey describes this suffix as "a terminal adverb of position."
𐒼𐒻-𐒼𐒻verbpfx1dative prefix, indicating that an action is done in the presence of someone [e.g., egie 'speak in the presence of someone'], for the benefit of someone ["benefactive"], in place of someone, or to someone else's possession; can also indicate action transferring something to someone2to3for𐒼𐒻-This is an affix that cannot be used by itself. It is attached to other words or roots.
𐒼𐒻-𐒼𐒻verb > ???pfx1anew2again3in reaction4in return5back𐒼𐒻-Quintero (Osage Dictionary, page 118) notes that this is an "inceptive prefix" and that "Inceptive 𐒼𐒻- is retained after pronominal prefixes (𐒼𐒻-ret) in most but not all verbs."This is an affix that cannot be used by itself. It is attached to other words or roots.
π’Όπ’»Ν˜π’Όπ’»Μ‹Ν˜πŸ”Š1fly (as birds do)intransitive verb2ride in an airplaneintransitive verb3airplanenoun
𐒼'π’»Ν˜π’Ό'π’»ΜΝ˜transitive verb1carry2carry on the backπ“π’°ΜΝ˜π’½π’° 𐓏𐒻́𐓉𐒰 π’°Μ‹π’Ώπ’»Μ„Ν˜ 𐓉𐒰 𐓏𐒻𐒼𐒻́𐒼'π’»Ν˜ 𐓉𐒰 π“€π’»Ν˜π’Όπ“‡π’· 𐒰̋𐓄𐒰I'll carry you on my back, he said𐒼'π’»ΜΝ˜ 𐓍𐒷̋they are carrying them on their back3carry a load on the back
π’Όπ’»π’°π“Šπ’»π’½π’»Μπ’°π“Šπ’»intransitive verb1wipe oneself (in the bathroom, after using the toilet)π“π’°π’½π’»Μπ’°π“Šπ’»?did you wipe yourself? (in the bathroom only)π““π’»Ν˜π’Όπ’°Μπ““π’» 𐒰𐓄𐒰 π’½π’»Μπ’°π“Šπ’» 𐒰𐓄𐒱the children are wiping themselvesπ’½π’»π’°Μπ“Šπ’»π“„π’»wipe yourselves𐒼𐒻𐒼-π’Όπ’°π“Šπ’»
π’Όπ’»π’·π“ˆπ“‚π“„π’°π’½π’»Μπ’·π“ˆπ“‚Μ‹π“„π’°πŸ”Šadjective1eightπ’½π’»Μπ“π’·π“ˆπ“‚Μ‹π“„π’° π“‚Μ„π““π“ŽΜ π“π’°Ν˜π“„π’·Μthey [used to, always] put in eightagain fourπ’Όπ’»π’Όπ“π’·π“ˆπ“Žπ“„π’°π’Όπ’»π“π’·π“ˆπ“‚π“„π’°π’Όπ’»π“π’·π“ˆπ“Žπ“„π’°π’Όπ’»π’Όπ“π’·π“ˆπ“‚π“„π’°
π’Όπ’»π’·π“ˆπ“‚π“„π’»Ν˜π’½π’»Μπ’·π“ˆπ“‚Μπ“„π’»Ν˜adverb1eight timesπ’Όπ’»π’Όπ“π’·π“ˆπ“Žπ“„π’»Ν˜π’Όπ’»π’·π“ˆπ“‚π“„π’°-π’»Ν˜
𐒼𐒻𐒹𐒰𐓒𐒷𐒼𐒻́𐒹𐒰𐓒𐒷transitive verb1flee from a person, etc.2shun3avoid4evade𐒼𐒻-𐒹𐒰𐓒𐒷
π’Όπ’»π’Ήπ“‚Ν˜π’Όπ’»Μπ’Ήπ“‚Μ„Ν˜transitive verb1like, love𐓏𐒰𐓓𐒰́𐓓𐒷 π“‚Μπ“π“‚Ν˜π’΄π’· π’°ΜΝ˜π’Ήπ“‚Μ„Ν˜I like Osage foodπ“‚Μ„π“π’°Μπ’Ήπ’°Ν˜ π“ˆπ’°Ν˜ π’°ΜΝ˜π’Ήπ“‚Μ„Ν˜when you cook I like itπ“π’°Μ„π“π’°Μπ“‡π“ˆπ“‚Ν˜ π“ˆπ’°Ν˜ π’°ΜΝ˜π’Ήπ“‚Μ„Ν˜when you sing I like itπ“π’°π“†π’Ύπ“Žπ’· π“ˆπ’°Μ‹π“ˆπ’°Ν˜ π“π’»Μπ’Ήπ“‚Μ„Ν˜?what kind of candy do you like?π“ˆπ’°Μ‹π“ˆπ’° π“π’»Μπ’Ήπ“‚Μ„Ν˜ π’»Μπ“‡π“„π’°π’Ήπ“‚Ν˜?do you know what you like?π“ˆπ’°Μ‹π“ˆπ’° π’°ΜΝ˜π’Ήπ“‚Μ„Ν˜ π’»Μπ“…π’°π’Ήπ“‚Ν˜, π’»Ν˜π“Šπ’·Μ π“π“ŽΜ„π“…π’»Μ‹π““π’» π’°ΜΝ˜π’Ήπ“‚Μ„Ν˜I know what I like, I like to make faces𐓉𐒰̋ π“π’°Μ„π“Œπ’·Μ π’Όπ’»Μπ’Ήπ“‚Μ„Ν˜π“„π’·she likes to eat meatπ“π’°π“π’°Μ‹π“‰π’°Ν˜ π’Όπ’»Μπ’Ήπ“‚Μ„Ν˜π“„π’·he loves to drinkhe likes to drinkπ“‰π’°Μ„π“Šπ’·Μ 𐒼𐒻 π“π’°Μ„π“Œπ’»Μ π’·Μ„π“‡π’Όπ’»Μπ“ˆπ’°Ν˜ π’Όπ’»Μπ’Ήπ“‚Μ„Ν˜π“„π’·he also liked the way they danced in the windπ““π’»Ν˜π’Όπ’°Μπ““π’»Ν˜ π“π’°π“ˆπ“π’°ΜΝ˜ π’Όπ’»Μπ’Ήπ“‚Μ„Ν˜those kids like squash𐒼𐒻-
π’Όπ’»π’Ήπ“‚Ν˜π““π’»π’Όπ’»π’Ήπ“‚Μ‹Ν˜π““π’»1dislike somethingtransitive verb2grieve, be unhappyintransitive verb3griefnoun4anything one doesn't likenounπ’Όπ’»π’Ήπ“‚Ν˜π’°π““π’»
𐒼𐒻𐒼-𐒼𐒻𐒼verbPossessive SUUSpfx1one's own (suus prefix: object belongs to or is related to the subject)𐒼𐒻-This is an affix that cannot be used by itself. It is attached to other words or roots.
𐒼𐒻𐒼-𐒽𐒻𐒼verbpfx1reflexive prefix: oneself, myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselvesπ’°Μπ’½π’»π“‰π“‚ΜΝ˜π“„π’° π“π’»Ν˜watch out for yourself2reflexive prefix with benefactive interpretation: for oneself, for myself, for yourself, for himself, for herself, for itself, for ourselves, for yourselves, for themselvesπ“π’°π“Šπ“ŽΜπ’· π“†π’Όπ“ŽΜπ’· 𐒰́𐒽𐒻𐓉𐓃 𐓋𐒷let me look at my cake3with reflexive possessive (suus) interpretation (object is possessed by subject): my, your his, her, our, their4reciprocal prefix: each other, one another𐓁𐒻́𐒽𐒰 𐓏𐒰𐒼'𐓂́ π’½π’»Μπ“‚π“π“ˆπ’° 𐒰𐒼𐓐𐒱the man and woman love each other5reciprocal prefix with indirect interpretation (dative, benefactive, etc.): for each other, to each other, with each otherπ’Ήπ’°π“π’»ΜΝ˜ 𐒽𐒻́𐒼'π“Ž 𐓄𐒷they gave each other blankets𐓏𐒰̄𐒽𐒻́𐓉𐒰 𐓄𐒰̄𐒹𐒰́pray for each other, raise it upπ’Όπ“Ž-This is an affix that cannot be used by itself. It is attached to other words or roots.If kig- (or its variant kug-) is used with a BRUSH verb to express "self" (reflexive), a g- before the th emerges, forming gth, which has become an L in modern Osage. For example, ki- (reflexive) + thuzha (wash) becomes kiluzha. If kig- (or its variant kug-) is used with a BRUSH verb to express "each other" (reciprocal), it is simply added to the verb with no further additions or changes beyond any necessary conjugations. In either case, when this kig- (kug-) this term is no longer treated as a BRUSH verb, but is now conjugated as an ATHA verb.
π’Όπ’»π’Όπ’°Ν˜π’Όπ’»Μπ’½π’°Ν˜π’Όπ’»π’½π’°ΜΝ˜1fan off, as at a peyote meetingtransitive verbπ“π’»π’Όπ’»Μπ’½π’°Ν˜ 𐓉𐒰 𐒰𐓄𐒱they're going to fan you offπ“π’»π’Όπ’»Μπ’½π“‚Ν˜ 𐓍𐒷̋ 𐓄𐒰, 𐓍𐒷these people want to fan you offπ’°Ν˜π’Όπ’»Μπ’½π’°Ν˜fan me offπ’Όπ’»Μπ’½π’°Ν˜ 𐒼𐒰̋𐓑𐒰fan him offfan himπ“π’°Μπ’Όπ’»Μπ’½π’°Ν˜fan them off2fan, fanningnounπ’Όπ’»π’Όπ“‚Ν˜π’Όπ’»-π’Όπ’°π’Όπ’°Ν˜
𐒼𐒻𐒼𐒰𐓐𐒷𐒼𐒻𐒼𐒰́𐓐𐒷transitive verb1make over, do over, repair or fix something (belonging to oneself or to another person, e.g., repair a torn place in a dress), redo, reform2repair3mend4vamp5make an object over or anew𐒼𐒻-𐒼𐒰𐓐𐒷𐒼𐓇𐒻𐓐𐒷
𐒼𐒻𐒼'π’°Ν˜π“’π’·π’½π’»π’Ό'π’°ΜΝ˜π“’π’·intransitive verb1comfortable
𐒼𐒻𐒼'π’»Ν˜π’Όπ’»π’Ό'π’»ΜΝ˜transitive verb1carry his own on his back𐒼𐒻𐒼-𐒼'π’»Ν˜
π’Όπ’»π’Όπ’»Ν˜π“π’»Ν˜π’½π’»Μπ’½π’»Ν˜π“π’»Ν˜adjective1curly2kinky3tangledπ“π“Žπ’Όπ’»π’Όπ’»Ν˜Quintero notes (Osage Dictionary, page 68) that this term is "borrowed from English kinky."
𐒼𐒻𐒼'π“‚Ν˜π’Όπ’»π’Ό'π“‚ΜΝ˜1paint the face of a deceased person, apply face painttransitive verb2makeup, cosmetics, face paintnoun
𐒼𐒻𐒼𐓂𐓄𐓇𐒷𐒼𐒻́𐒽𐓂̄𐓄𐓇𐒷verb1run off (on someone), abandon, leave (someone)
𐒼𐒻𐒼'π“Žπ’Όπ’»Μπ’Ό'π“Žtransitive verb1give back an object to the owner2give back𐒼𐒻-𐒼'π“Ž
𐒼𐒻𐒼'π“Žπ’½π’»π’Ό'π“ŽΜπ’½π’»Μπ’Ό'π“Žtransitive verb1give each otherπ’Ήπ’°π“π’»ΜΝ˜ 𐒽𐒻𐒼'π“ŽΜπ“„π’·they gave each other blankets𐒼𐒻𐒼-𐒼'π“Ž
𐒼𐒻𐒼'π“Žπ’Όπ’»Μπ’Ό'π“Žtransitive verb1give to one's own, give away to one's own people𐒼𐒻𐒼-𐒼'π“Ž